ADHD as a circadian rhythm disorder: evidence and implications for chronotherapy

This review synthesizes evidence linking ADHD to circadian rhythm dysfunction, such as delayed melatonin onset and altered cortisol rhythms. The authors evaluate chronotherapeutic interventions, including bright light therapy and low-dose melatonin, which can advance circadian phase. They propose a pragmatic, behavioral-first clinical pathway to improve sleep and reduce ADHD symptoms.